Human Rights Watch warns of civilian risks amid Holeb (Aleppo), Syria, takeover by opposition forces

NEW YORK — Following the recent capture of most neighborhoods in Holeb (Aleppo) by Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and the Turkish-proxy Syrian National Army (SNA), Human Rights Watch (HRW) issued a stark warning about the grave risks faced by civilians caught in the escalating conflict across northern and central Syria.

In a detailed report, HRW highlighted that the outbreak of renewed fighting in November has raised serious concerns about violations against civilians by both the Syrian regime and armed opposition groups. The organization called on all parties to strictly adhere to international humanitarian law, emphasizing the need to direct attacks solely at military targets and to implement measures that protect civilians from harm. It also underscored the importance of ensuring civilians can safely evacuate areas of active conflict.

Adam Coogle, Deputy Middle East Director at Human Rights Watch, expressed particular alarm regarding the Syrian regime’s history of employing brutal and illegal tactics, warning that such actions could resurface. He also cautioned that the promises made by armed opposition factions to uphold humanitarian standards will ultimately be judged by their actions, not their words.

The report specifically urged Russian forces and Hayat Tahrir al-Sham to refrain from targeting civilians and civilian infrastructure. It also criticized the documented history of armed opposition factions, including HTS, citing instances of mistreatment of religious and ethnic minorities and women within their territories.