German and Iraqi archaeological missions begin new excavations in ancient Assur

SALAH AL-DIN, Iraq — Iraqi and German archaeologists have launched a new excavation project in the ancient city of Assur, a UNESCO World Heritage site, to uncover further insights into the heart of the Assyrian Empire.

The excavation, led by a team of specialists from Iraq and Germany, seeks to reveal previously undiscovered ruins, artifacts, and historical structures that could enhance our understanding of the region’s significance in Mesopotamian history.

Renewed Focus on Assur’s Archaeological Legacy

The Iraqi Directorate of Antiquities and Heritage announced on Wednesday that an international team of archaeologists has commenced work at the site, located in present-day Salah al-Din province, along the western banks of the Tigris River.

Ali Ahmed Abdul Latif, a senior official with the Iraqi Antiquities Authority, noted that the German archaeological delegation will play a key role in uncovering new remains within the ancient city. The mission builds on a long-standing tradition of German-led excavations, which began in the late 19th century and have significantly contributed to the global understanding of the Assyrian civilization.

Rise of Assur: Capital of an Empire

Founded more than 3,000 years ago, Assur was a thriving metropolis and a key trading hub that connected Mesopotamia to Anatolia and Persia. Its strategic location along critical commercial routes allowed it to prosper as a center of culture, commerce, and governance.

Between the 14th and 9th centuries BCE, Assur served as the capital of the Assyrian Empire, overseeing a period of territorial expansion and economic prosperity. However, during the reign of Ashurnasirpal II in the 9th century BCE, the capital was relocated to Nimrud. Despite this transition, Assur maintained its immense religious significance, functioning as the spiritual heart of the empire and the burial site for Assyrian kings and deities.

The city was named after Ashur, the supreme god of the Assyrian pantheon, further solidifying its sacred status.

History of Excavation and Devastation

The archaeological exploration of Assur began in 1898 when German scholars conducted the first systematic excavations, uncovering significant architectural and cultural relics. These early efforts played a crucial role in shaping the broader understanding of Assyrian history and art.

In 2003, UNESCO designated Assur as a World Heritage site, acknowledging its immense historical and cultural significance. However, in 2015, the site suffered severe damage at the hands of ISIS militants, who detonated explosives in several key areas of the ancient city, causing irreparable harm to its structures. The extremist group, known for its widespread destruction of historical monuments, targeted Assur as part of its campaign against Iraq’s pre-Islamic heritage.

Revitalizing Assur’s Place in History

The renewed excavations in Assur reflect Iraq’s dedication to reclaiming and preserving its historical treasures. In recent years, the country has intensified efforts to restore damaged heritage sites, working closely with international teams to rebuild what was lost.

Archaeologists hope that new discoveries in Assur will not only deepen our understanding of Assyrian civilization but also contribute to global efforts in heritage preservation. By piecing together the remnants of its glorious past, they aim to honor the enduring legacy of one of Mesopotamia’s greatest cities.