Tripoli’s Zambo Carnival: Century-old celebration blending faith, culture, and festivity

TRIPOLI, Lebanon — In the coastal district of Al-Mina in Tripoli, northern Lebanon, hundreds gathered to partake in the Zambo Carnival, one of the country’s most vibrant and unique celebrations. This annual event, marking the beginning of Lent for Orthodox Christians, transformed the city’s streets into a dazzling display of music, dance, and elaborate costumes.

Tradition with African and Brazilian Roots

The Zambo Carnival, a cherished tradition in Tripoli, dates back nearly a century. It is believed to symbolize the transition from paganism to Christianity, according to members of the Greek Orthodox community. Over time, it has evolved into a colorful celebration, blending local customs with cultural influences from abroad.

“This beautiful day is something we celebrate every year before the start of Lent,” explained Beshara Hassan, a participant. He traced the tradition’s origins to Lebanese migrants who returned from Brazil nearly 100 years ago. The carnival’s name, Zambo, is said to have been inspired by a Senegalese performance group that once took part in the festivities. “In the past, it lasted a full week and included performances by various musical groups. The people of Al-Mina adopted the name from them,” Hassan added.

Costumes, Drums, and a Dive into the Sea

Participants donned elaborate costumes adorned with feathers, painted their bodies black, and masked their faces as they paraded through the streets, wielding swords and spears while dancing to the beat of African drums.

“This festival is part of our customs and traditions before Lent,” said Safaa Saadeh, a regular participant. “We dress up, march through the streets, sing, dance, and celebrate the arrival of fasting.”

The carnival’s conclusion is marked by a symbolic dive into the Mediterranean Sea. “At the end of the festival, we plunge into the water to wash away our sins,” explained Gaby Saadeh. “It’s reminiscent of Rio de Janeiro’s celebrations but with a distinctly Lebanese flavor.”

Joyful Prelude to Lent

The Zambo Carnival serves as a jubilant farewell to indulgence before the start of Lent. Orthodox Christians observe a 50-day fast, abstaining from animal products, including meat, dairy, and cheese, as they engage in reflection, prayer, and spiritual discipline leading up to Easter.

Though playful and exuberant, Zambo remains deeply rooted in religious tradition, offering a unique fusion of faith, folklore, and festivity. The event continues to thrive as a testament to Tripoli’s rich and diverse cultural heritage.